2. Thematic analysis will be conducted on transcripts of 40 semi-structured interviews with police officers in Arizona and Nevada. Police are more likely to use authority and make an arrest when the offense is a serious one, when the evidence is strong, and when the victim prefers that an arrest be made. Name and describe the factors that may influence an individual officer's discretion in making decisions involving a criminal suspect. Police behavior had consistently been one of the major concerns in the criminal justice literature over the past four decades and a considerable amount of research had been conducted to uncover factors that influenced police decision-making. departmental policy. To make decisions, officers use normative criteria such as responsibility and blameworthiness as well as pragmatic and efficiency . Examine the impact of organizational and cultural change within . The proposed dissertation research seeks to study the influence of police policy, procedures, and organizational factors on how police investigators engage with victims. He has conducted research on police decision-making, reaction time and factors systems-based factors that influence police shootings. Make your decisions in the morning. Include in your response both positive and negative factors that influence how a community perceives law enforcement agencies. Include in your response both positive and negative factors that influence how a community perceives law enforcement agencies. Ignoring the influence of cognitive biases on police decision-making creates perverse results at odds with the Fourth Amendment's normative goals. Coates, Samantha, Paula Kautt and Katrin Mueller-Johnson (2009) "Penalty notices for disorder: Influences on police decision-making" The Journal of Experimental Criminology. But a decision to file charges may be influenced by factors beyond the specific facts of the incident described in the police report. If you do have to make big decisions in the afternoon, you could try taking a nap or just a relaxing break to reset your brain first. the topic of police decision-making in order to inform future theoretical frameworks by identifying the factors that most significantly impact officer decision-making processes. e.g evidence of suspects' and complainants wrong doing, citizens' requests for arrests were the most influential factors in explaining decision to respond to citizns' request to control another citizen. We all face choices—big and small—everyday. Five Factors of police discretion. 2. Police decision-making relies on a myriad of factors to include the individual officer's characteristics, the environment the officer works in, the characteristics of the offender, the situation the officer finds themselves in, and the organization that influences them. Attribution theory provided the framework. These situational factors include the characteristics of the suspect (e.g., race, sex, age, demeanor, etc. These observations, read in conjunction with the outcome of these stops, provide a useful insight into how the decision to make a stop can affect police-citizen interactions. ), characteristics of the situation (e.g., location, number of bystanders present, etc. Prosecutors are supposed decide whether to file charges by evaluating the evidence before them. What factors influence police decision making? answering questions about forming suspicion and making the decision to stop a citizen. The policy of the department can influence police discretion and decision making. Discuss those categories. With a combination of serotonin and dopamine levels, and no decision fatigue to get you down, the morning is the best time to make big decisions. ), characteristics of the victim (e.g., race, sex, age, relationship to the suspect, etc. - The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence police officers' decision making when dealing with young women considered violent. The relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim The closer the relationship, the more variables is to use of discretion (because the victim may later decide not to . So, how do you decide? Research on factors which influence police decision making usually focuses on individual or situational characteristics (e.g., an officer or citizen's age, race or gender, or the seriousness of the incident). ), and legal characteristics (e.g., … David Blake, Ph.D., is a retired California peace officer and court-certified expert on human factors psychology and police practices/use of force. This research paper examines what criteria police officers use to make arrest decisions in domestic violence cases and what community, departmental, and personal factors determine whether they follow laws indicating that officers are required to or may choose to arrest the perpetrator (i.e., mandatory and preferred arrest statues). Police discretion is used for minor offenses such as traffic incidents or public urination. Discuss those categories. A cross-sectional self administered survey was conducted. He has conducted research on police decision-making, reaction time and factors systems-based factors that influence police shootings. Suspects' sex. The role of suspicion is a natural element of police work due to an enforcement of nature of law that implies officers are placed in dangerous situations where an enhanced sense of suspicion is considered necessary. 15 Factors that Influence Decision-Making By Rawhide Youth Services • May 11, 2015 Decisions, Decisions Decisions are part of our everyday life ranging from what to eat for dinner to how to respond to someone's snide comment. The frequency of the incident of police decision making in DWI enforcement. V. Situational Factors Affecting Police Discretion. Discuss factors that affect the public's perception of police. Click to see full answer. Instead, humans consist of layers of culture influenced by family . This paper presents a model, using concepts from artificial neural networks, that explains how small rural communities make decisions that affect access to potable freshwater. The five identified themes of: information, safety, planning, respite, and articulation should be used for scenario creation. Four-hundred and twenty-eight male and female police officers from six police districts in Cleveland Ohio completed and submitted a twenty-five item questionnaire. Most research on police decision-making with youth has been restricted to analysis of the impact of factors specific to the individual incident and apprehended youth on the decision whether to charge (or to arrest, in most American research). intake decision - legal factors Legal factors are factual information about the offense alleged, such as offense seriousness, the type of crime committed, any inculpatory (incriminating) or exculpatory (exonerating) evidence against offending juveniles, and the existence or absence of prior juvenile records or delinquency adjudications. According to your textbook, four categories guide police decision-making. Other police decision-making research includes the effects of race, gender, and age on decision-making patterns during traffic stops (Schafer et al., 2006), or how extralegal factors impact decision-making policies for when to make an arrest for spousal abuse (Waaland and Keeley, 1985; Kane, 1999). We found that the most frequently studied factors were belonging to an ethnic minority … factors inflUEncing policE DEcisions. You go with whatever you have - sometimes just the reputation of the person suggesting it, sometimes way more including costs and other financial details. We aimed to determine factors influencing decision-making and multidisciplinary collaboration in suspected AHT cases, amongst 56 child protection professionals. While it is difficult to know and examine what someone is thinking, there has been some progress in understanding factors that influence police decisions. In response to this threat, the dominant group uses its . Suspects' race/ethnicity. The project proposes in-depth, qualitative case studies of police agencies in Arizona and Nevada. Field observations indicate that social relationships as well as individual goals and perceptions of decision makers have a strong influence on decisions that are made by community councils. Policing "uncontrollable banshees": factors influencing arrest decision making Policing "uncontrollable banshees": factors influencing arrest decision making Young, Suzanne 2015-10-12 00:00:00 Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence police officers' decision making when dealing with young women considered violent. According to your textbook, four categories guide police decision-making. The four styles of decision making are directive, conceptual, analytical and behavioral options. relationship between police and criminal/victim. The nature of the crime The less serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have on discretion 2. What drives you to choose one option over another? analyzing decision making, Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM), as a useful approach to examining police decisions about use of force. Explanations of police officers behavior concerning factors that exerted influence over their decision-making, and situations in which discretion was most commonly exercised were examined. Culture influences every individual, but there is no single culture (Woody, 2005, p. 525). Objective II.4: Study and evaluate police decision-making. sought to define police culture as understood and experienced by street-level officers and to learn how it influences the decision-making of officers (Brough, Chataway & Biggs, 2016). Suspect characteristics. ), characteristics of the victim (e.g., race, sex, age, relationship to the suspect, etc. Significant factors include past experiences, a variety of cognitive biases, an escalation of commitment and sunk outcomes, individual differences, including age and socioeconomic status, and a belief in personal relevance. Include in your response both positive and negative factors that influence how a community perceives law enforcement agencies. Police decision-making relies on a myriad of factors to include the individual officer's characteristics, the environment the officer works in, the characteristics of the offender, the situation the officer finds themselves in, and the organization that influences them. relationship between criminal/victim. What factors influence police decision making? The key finding is that the recruits most often seem to impose their own brand of justice based upon their judgement of what the community's expectations of the appropriate police response are. According to your textbook, four categories guide police decision-making. Police decision-making relies on a myriad of factors to include the individual officer's characteristics, the environment the officer works in, the characteristics of the offender, the situation the officer finds themselves in, and the organization that influences them. POLICING POLICE DISCRETION Five factors that influence police to decide how to handle situations 1. Most studies of police decision making behavior have confirmed that it is the category with the stringest influence over decision making. Discuss those categories. Suspects' sex. Rather than protecting individuals against arbitrary police intrusion, the doctrine unintentionally creates incentives for policing that encourages it. Discuss factors that affect the public's perception of police. Identify the factors that inform police decision-making. In this study, the influence of gender and age in the importance allocated to several factors in the decision process was investigated from a naturalistic perspective. These things all impact the decision making process and the decisions made. ), and legal characteristics (e.g., . Circumstances of the incident which we examine include: the seriousness of the crime, as indicated by the type of offence, the presence . In addition, the positive and negative uses of discretion were documented, along with ample evidence to support both opposing arguments. Discuss factors that affect the public's perception of police. In this paper, the general aspects of the police's decision making will be presented with the following discussion of the possible factors impacting the decision to stop, search, use force, or arrest a suspect, including suspect characteristics and behavior, police officer's characteristics and behavior, neighborhood-based influences, and . , - Semi-structured interviews were carried out with frontline police officers in Scotland on their experiences of responding to incidents where young women displayed violence. Suspects' age. In contrast, this study examines whether characteristics of places influence the police decisions. The intricate factors that influence decision-making include organizational pressures, territory coverage, survival, street code, group dynamics, and coping skills. A Recognition-CT Police Decision-Making Model is proposed. 2. ), characteristics of the situation (e.g., location, number of bystanders present, etc. Include in your response both positive and negative factors that influence how a community perceives law enforcement agencies. The factors influencing police decision-making: informal elements •The key here is organisational culture or what in this literature is known as cop culture or canteen culture. Discuss those categories. Suspect characteristics. Discuss those categories. analyzing decision making, Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM), as a useful approach to examining police decisions about use of force. Police decision making relies on a multitude of factors to include the individual characteristics, the environment in which they work, the characteristics of the offender, the situation the officer finds themselves in, and the organization that influences them. You have employees who you lead and they count on you to make the right decision, not make the decision that benefits you as an individual. The literature on police decision making shows that, although the decision-making schema can be quite simple, the influences are complex and varied. The findings suggest that police decision-making is a dynamic process that is a progression in the application of formal social control from least to most intrusive of personal liberties both in the quantity and style of law. The intricate factors that influence decision-making include organizational pressures, territory coverage, survival, street code, group dynamics, and coping skills. The other factor influencing the officer's decision making are the suspects characteristics. What factors influence police decision-making? Police decision-making relies on a myriad of factors to include the individual officer's characteristics, the environment the officer works in, the characteristics of the offender, the situation the officer finds themselves in, and the organization that influences them. Suspects' socioeconomic status. Factors that May Influence an Officer's Discretion First, the department in which the policeofficer works in can greatly impact how the police officer behaves and how they use their discretion. Research on the role that legal factors play in police decision-making confirms that in cases involving adults and juveniles alike, police are influenced by these factors. The Influence of Police Officers' Decision-Making Style and Anger Control on Responses to Work Scenarios Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2015 Catherine Daus The author defines different contributing factors that influence police officer's decisions in making an arrest. the less serious crime to public, more freedom officers have to ignore it. relationship between criminal/victim. 7031 Koll Center Pkwy, Pleasanton, CA 94566. master:2021-11-23_09-34-23. This report was commissioned by the Department of Justice in support of the implementation and evaluation of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA). The study measures the influence on the use of discretion of certain factors characterizing the police officers and the incidents themselves. doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.04.001 Among the potential factors are the following. In regard to police decision making generally, I thoroughly agree that it has been an underappreciated way of thinking about policing and also police administration. Request PDF | Policing "uncontrollable banshees": Factors influencing arrest decision making | Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence police officers . , - The police officers clearly distinguished encounters . However, to understand police officers' decision making, we need first to consider how the societal, organisational and individual factors might interact together to influence the outcome. Assess the impact of technologies (e.g., information sharing, communications, record management systems, computer-assisted dispatch) on police decision-making. We found 923 articles matching our search, and 52 were retained based on their results regarding the psychological factors underlying police officers' decisions to use force and the decision-making process itself. Situational factors that influence police officers decisions to take juveniles into custody were investigated. Research on factors that influence police discretion usually focuses on individual or situational characteristics (e.g., an officer or citizen's age, race or gender, or the seriousness of the incident). Discuss factors that affect the public's perception of police. (6 pts) Discretion is the exercise of choice by law enforcement officers in the decision to investigate or apprehend the disposition of suspects, the carrying out of official duties, and the application of . David Blake, Ph.D., is a retired California peace officer and court-certified expert on human factors psychology and police practices/use of force. police jurisdictions, even after adjusting for other relevant factors. Discuss factors that affect the publics perception of police. Download scientific diagram | Factors Influencing Police Decision-Making from publication: Influences on the Subjective Well-Being (SWB) of Practising Social Workers | Social work is a profession . Include in your response both positive and negative factors that influence how a community perceives law enforcement agencies. Answer: (2002: 75) present a review of the literature on police behavior and conclude that legal variables such as seriousness of offense, amount of evidence, and presence of a weapon, among other factors, all have a strong and constant influence on formal decisions made by police officers. In these situations, the officer has a choice to fine/arrest the offender, or give them a written or verbal warning.There are multiple factors that can affect a police officer's discretion during a given incident. In this chapter, we assess the impact on police decision-making with young persons of factors specific to the individual incident and the apprehended youth. Therefore, we present a list of organizational characteristics and discuss to what extent each of these appears to influence police decision-making. In contrast, this study examines whether characteristics of places influence police decisions to Police Decision Making. As a whole, situational characteristics—particularly legal characteristics—have a relatively strong influence over officer behavior. What factors influence police decision-making? While it is difficult to know and examine what someone is thinking, there has been some progress in understanding factors that influence police decisions. Operational decisions should never be made with your own personal well-being in mind. According to your textbook, four categories guide police decision-making. 1. Identifying the factors that influence police decision-making is imperative for the development of a theoretical framework to understand police interactions with juveniles. The analysis reveals that the factors which affect police discretion can vary, in some circumstances, across physical . race/ethnicity, age, gender, class. Many researchers had assessed the characteristics of the situations in which citizens and police interacted. 1. According to your textbook, four categories guide police decision-making. Police Decision-Making Model Components ii include recognition and metacognition components taught through a domain specific approach. The factors which influence an officer in making a decision to arrest for DWI when he has reasonable cause to believe such a charge would be warranted and to determine the degree of influence of each of those factors in the officer's decision. The influence of certain extra-legal factors, including Aboriginality, in bail determinations warrants further research. Answer: The challenge in managerial decision-making is that you NEVER have all the information to make an absolutely logical, correct decision. What factors influence police decision making? The social non-verbal behaviors that characterize a suspect, his dressing code and grooming can influence the police decision making. nature of crime. Police officers are gatekeepers of the criminal court system and must make a number of critical decisions during their interactions with citizens and in the performance of their duties. Methodology 1 •This can be and is used by officers to fill the gap between weighing up the empirical circumstances and the various rules that they factors inflUEncing policE DEcisions. These situational factors include the characteristics of the suspect (e.g., race, sex, age, demeanor, etc. 5(4) 399-428 This research examined, via a multi-method linked design, the nature of crime. 2. CONCLUSION Legal factors, in particular prior and concurrent offending, have the largest impact on both the police and court decisions to refuse bail. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4, 294 - 302 . Suspects' race/ethnicity. Environmental and structural factors can also influence police decision-making. multiple case study was to explore police officers' perceptions of minors engaged in prostitution and derive an understanding of the experiences, beliefs, and values that underlie these perceptions. In this respect, the minority-group threat perspective suggests that growing minority-group populations represent a threat to the status quo (Blalock, 1967; Liska and Yu, 1992; Stults and Baumer, 2007). Making the best decision that benefits the whole is the goal every day. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians (25), child protection social workers (10), legal practitioners (9, including 4 judges), police officers (8), and pathologists . An understanding of the organizational factors . 4.0 Situational factors influencing police discretion with youth. Police decision-making relies on a myriad of factors to include the individual officer's characteristics, the environment the officer works in, the characteristics of the offender, the situation the officer finds themselves in, and the organization that influences them. This influence on the decision-making process reflects the idea that in many cases, decisions are guided by factors that depart from the traditional 'rational path' expected of the decision-making process ( Kahneman & Tversky, 1982 ). The study also focused on how these factors influence police decision making regarding DMST. Several factors can influence the decision making process of these officers, from personal to situational factors. If one takes the view that policing is mainly a matter of making decisions, then the challenge for police leaders is figuring out how best to guide and direct those decisions. 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